fandomnumbergenerator | Entries tagged with medical

These Infections Lead to Many Cancers Among People With HIV
Herpes virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human papillomavirus (HPV) can put you at a raised risk for Kaposi sarcoma (KS), lymphomas, and anal and genital cancers if you’re living with HIV.
In fact, in recent studies, these types of infections were a particularly notable cause of cancers among patients 20 to 29 years old. As a risk group, MSM had the highest proportion of infection-related cancers.

So, I think that smoking cessation is an important public health goal, but I think that the recent focus on smoking for people with HIV is based on a Danish study, and is kind of missing the point that in the US we need to first and foremost improve access to treatment. Because for many of these infection-related cancers, the only option is close monitoring and cART to prevent immunosupression.

Also, I didn’t realize that there weren’t good screening tools for anal HPV. All the more reason to vaccinate going forward.

pozmagazine:

HIV Caught in the Act! On Video and in Real Time!
In the gif above, HIV-infected B immune cells are red, seen traveling between the inner and outer lymph node. Throughout this process, HIV kills CD4 cells and ultimately charts a path toward spreading throughout the body.
Credit: Xaver Sewald and Walther Mothes, Yale University

I wanted to give an immunologist’s reading of this paper, and try to clarify some things that are being misreported.

That specific video is actually murine leukemia virus (a mouse retrovirus which infects B cells) and not HIV (which doesn’t).

As I understand the article, the main point is that a certain subset of macrophages, which live at the junction between the fluid and the cellular parts of the lymph node, are able to transfer retroviral particles without being infected themselves, and this transfer requires a certain protein called CD169.

It is worth noting that a similar finding was made about 15 years ago about dendritic cells and a protein called DC-SIGN.

This new paper has a small amount of data in so-called “humanized mice” which are mice which have been reconstituted with human liver, thymus and bone marrow in order to have something resembling a human immune system in a mouse. But most of the data in the paper is actually about murine leukemia virus, which is only distantly related to HIV.

In my opinion, this new paper will probably not add much to actual HIV treatment strategies, since it is concerned with very early events in HIV infection, at the point where post-exposure prophylaxis has already been shown to be very effective.

It is also worth notice that Science Magazine is kind of notorious for publishing hot but not very robust research.

I want to be completely nonjudgmental about fic writer’s weird porn writing ticks and tropes.

But I cannot help getting a little annoyed when character’s pupils react the wrong way to opiates and stimulants.

Though, this is also part of the reason I had to turn off Requiem for a Dream (the rest of the reason being that I actually cannot handle depressing movies, and I was watching it with my baby brother, who didn’t know about my history of drug use).

So it’s not like fanfic writers have a monopoly on getting this wrong.

"Oregon has not found overwhelming evidence that acupuncture, yoga or spinal manipulation work better than other options. But, as [Denise] Taray [coordinator of the Oregon pain commission] points out, these alternatives don’t involve drugs."

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/22/436905063/to-curb-pain-without-opioids-oregon-looks-to-alternative-treatments

This article is really weirdly written.

It looks like the recommendations were actually based on the UK NICE guidelines for lower back pain, which were based on a lot of data. Just, maybe not in Oregon?

I would fight for anyone’s right to have access to opioids, no exceptions.

But, from what I’ve read, physical therapy can actually be a lot more effective for back pain than opiates alone. And I think poor patients are more likely to get the cheaper, less effective treatment (i.e. opioids vs PT).

lesbianartandartists:

Hugh Jardon, From a Grassroots AIDS Information Network/Counterprobe pamphlet, 1983

This is actually something that people in San Francisco in the 90s used to ask me about a lot, when they found out I was a scientist.

The best answer I could come up with, was that creating a virus like that was so far beyond what anybody knew about immunology and virology, that it would have been impossible. And then as HIV was found in earlier and earlier blood samples, and as HAART really started to demonstrate its effectiveness, it was a question I got less often. Though, it could also be that I lost touch with a lot of the people I used to know back then.

Also, in the late 90s, ACT UP San Francisco became very vocal about opposing HAART, and tipped into HIV denialism, which was scary and depressing to watch. And because ACT-UP San Francisco was very into alternate treatments, they really reached out to the medical marijuana community, so I had a lot of friends who supported them.

[Note: I've since found out that the "HIV was created in a US government lab" conspiracy theory was created and propagated by Soviet intelligence agencies.]

https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2015/08/why-flibanserin-is-not-the-female-viagra/401789/

https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/12/do-women-need-their-own-viagra/383720/

“And while the FDA appears to be of the opinion that female desire disorder (a woman’s body responds to sex but she has no interest in it) and female arousal disorder (a woman wants to have sex, but her body doesn’t seem to respond) can be lumped into one diagnosis, FSAID, most of the letters in support of a female dysfunction drug and many of the scientific studies refer to a different diagnosis: Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD), which deals with a woman’s “interest level” in sex, but not necessarily her physiological responses to stimulation.“

I think this is a really interesting distinction, that really resonates with my experience of being in an 11-year monogamous relationship. Particularly if I am tired or stressed out or depressed.

It looks like Flibanserin in particular is pretty crappy. Way too many side effects and very little positive effect beyond placebo. Also, in the 8/18/15 article they talk about the difference between the results with a daily diary and those with women looking back on the past month. Flibanserin seemed to make women remember sex as better than it seemed at the time. I don’t really know what that means, but it seems kind of weird and sketchy. It seems like they were gaming the results, trying out every test they could think of until they got something the FDA would accept. Not super confidence building.

I think that a lot of industry-funded pharmaceutical research is corrupt, but I also think that for an individual, being in a medical study can be good if it is the only way that you are going to get your health issues taken seriously and treated.

For years, I was in a non-industry funded longitudinal women’s health study, and at the point when I joined, it was really the only way I could figure out to get an HCV test and an anal pap without it showing up on my insurance. Though, I later learned that I could have gone to Planned Parenthood.

CDC Grand Rounds: Prescription Drug Overdoses — a U.S. Epidemic

Among people who have a prescription for an opioid and then die of an opioid overdose. Basically, 10% of the people who have prescriptions look fishy because they have more than one doctor prescribing to them, and they disproportionately die of overdoses. It is worth pointing out that these patients may just have crappy healthcare. But the other 60% of the patients who die of opioid overdoses seemed to be taking the drugs as prescribed.

“Among patients who are prescribed opioids, an estimated 80% are prescribed low doses (<100 mg morphine equivalent dose per day) by a single practitioner, and these patients account for an estimated 20% of all prescription drug overdoses. Another 10% of patients are prescribed high doses (≥100 mg morphine equivalent dose per day) of opioids by single prescribers and account for an estimated 40% of prescription opioid overdoses. The remaining 10% of patients seek care from multiple doctors, are prescribed high daily doses, and account for another 40% of opioid overdoses.“

Other data estimates that half of all overdoses (including the non-fatal majority of overdose ER visits) are people who are prescribed opioids and half a people who have not opioid prescription of their own. Non-medical opioid users are overrepresented, but apparently not by a huge amount:

The two main populations in the United States at risk for prescription drug overdose are the approximately 9 million persons who report long-term medical use of opioids (5), and the roughly 5 million persons who report nonmedical use (i.e., use without a prescription or medical need), in the past month

pozmagazine:

Treatment Questions: Why did the new HVTN 505 HIV Vaccine Fail?

I so want there to be an HIV vaccine in my lifetime, or ideally before either of my daughters start having sex.

But I really don’t think it’s going to happen. The three main diseases where a vaccine has been elusive – TB, malaria and HIV – are things where protective immunity is not effective after natural infection. Beyond that, there are so many problems with how HIV vaccines are created. So much of the testing happens in non-human primates (e.g. macaques and sooty mangabeys). I used to be 100% opposed to the use of primates in research, but, honestly, I think it would be worth it, if you could save humans from ever having to deal with HIV again.

The problem is that in a lot of those animal models, some percentage of the monkeys clear the infection even without the vaccine. Which never happens in humans. On top of that, there’s a lot of data that adenoviral vectors behave strangely in actual human populations, where people have already been exposed to all kinds of viruses (including adenoviruses) before they get the vaccine.

Then there’s the issue that all HIV vaccines mean that standard HIV tests don’t work anymore for that person. Every trial I’ve heard of promises to make specialized HIV testing available for the rest of the person’s life, but it’s still something to think about. And some vaccines make some people (e.g. people who have already had adenovirus) MORE susceptible to HIV. It’s such a mess.

The thing that is actually making be feel hopeful, though, is pre-exposure prophylaxis and treatment as prevention.

Treatment News : Gay Meth Use Accounts For 1 in 6 New HIV Cases in Seattle Area

pozmagazine:

Meth-using MSM were actually 5.2 times more likely to be diagnosed with HIV than MSM who did not use the drug.

I worry that meth use may be a marker for something else (like self-medicating depression) and that putting the blame on meth is going to scare people away from services.

Though stimulants do make mucous membranes drier and probably more permeable.

I found this quote in the original report.

MSM who used meth were less likely to have a late HIV diagnosis (AIDS within 6 months of testing positive) than MSM who did not use meth (18% versus 25%, P = 0.04). And meth-using MSM had a shorter time from their last negative HIV test than did MSM who did not use meth (median 242 versus 334 days, P < 0.001). But meth-using MSM were less likely to be linked to care within 3 months of HIV diagnosis than non-meth users (93% versus 97%, P = 0.05)

To me, this says that meth users are making an effort to look after their health by getting HIV testing, but that the current system is not very good at linking them to care. Active drug users used to be excluded from HCV treatment, and I wonder if that is still an issue in HIV treatment.

npr:

A recent recommendation from doctors in the United Kingdom raised eyebrows in the United States: The British National Health Service says healthy women with straightforward pregnancies are better off staying out of the hospital to deliver their babies.
That’s heresy, obstetrician Dr. Neel Shah first thought. In the United States, 99 percent of babies are born in hospitals.
Shah was asked by the New England Journal of Medicine to respond to the British recommendation. He compared birth outcomes here in the U.S. and Britain, especially the cesarean rates, which average 33 percent in the U.S. compared with 26 percent in the U.K. And he started to think the British were on to something.
“We’re taking excellent care of high-risk women,” he says, “and leaving low-risk, normal women behind. We’re the only country on Earth with a rising maternal mortality rate.”
Should More Women Give Birth Outside The Hospital?
Illustration credit: Katherine Streeter for NPR

I was super freaked out about being pressured into a Cesarean when I was pregnant, but when I looked into it, most of the difference between the US and European countries is because there is a very low rate of vaginal birth after Cesarean in the US.

And a huge chunk of infant mortality in the US is caused by premature birth. I’m not sure how keeping women out of the hospital would help.

But I actually had a really good experience of hospital delivery.

And epidural is a godsend (even if the Old Testament would disagree).

I was a relatively early adopter of the Nuvaring, and I found it a lot less stressful than daily pills. The problem is that it is just as easy to mess up, as is therefore no more effective, compared daily pills. The CDC has both listed at a 9% failure rate with “typical use”. The issue is that the very first active pill of your cycle is the most important. Any delay in starting active pills makes it much more likely that the process of ovulation will start before the pills kick in. Later pills are still important, but not as crucial as starting the first pill on time. And the ring has the same problem. If you mess up getting your prescription filled and don’t put the ring in on time, it is the same as missing your first active pill (and you need to use backup contraception for a week). My husband and I ended up using condoms for the first week of my Nuvaring cycle 3 or 4 times over the course of the 3 years I was on it.

It is not surprising to me that so many doctors use IUDs. I have a Mirena and it has great effectiveness statistics. But, like the doctors, I have insurance and an OB/GYN, so it is medically and financially an option for me. Also, I’m not sure if this is still true, but they used to discourage women from using IUDs unless they were at low risk for STIs, because of risks of uterine infections. I think this has changed, though, because IUDs are now recommended for teenage girls (in combination with condoms for STIs) because they are so effective at preventing pregnancy.

In 1736 I lost one of my sons, a fine boy of four years old, by the small-pox, taken in the common way. I long regretted bitterly, and still regret that I had not given it to him by inoculation. This I mention for the sake of parents who omit the operation, on the supposition that they shouldl never forgive themselves if the child die under it; my example showing that the regret may be the same either way, and that, therefore, the safer should be chosen.

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin

https://mic.com/articles/109892/benjamin-franklin-s-son-died-of-smallpox-his-notes-on-vaccines-matter-now-more-than-ever

I actually think this is a bad example to use in the current debate.

If you read the linked article, you will see that the inoculation Franklin was talking about was variolation, which was an extremely dangerous method that involved giving actual smallpox to children (by skin, the safest route, but still actual smallpox). The true vaccine wasn’t invented for another 60 years (and the smallpox vaccine, a live attenuated vaccine, is one of the most dangerous vaccines that it is still legal to give – I know, I got it for work).

It’s really not a great analogy for the incredibly safe and effective vaccines that people are worried about today.

The drug store item I have gotten the most comments about in my life is pregnancy tests. Which, like, why? There is no way that a pregnancy test is not stressful, because there is no way you don’t have a strong feeling about the outcome, one way or the other. And I have a really irregular menstrual cycle, and it took me a long time to get pregnant with each of my daughters, so I’ve bought a lot of pregnancy tests. I started buying them on amazon.

Also, had a super stressful interaction with an OB/GYN nurse 10 years ago when I was trying to get a Nuvaring prescription (in preparation for my first time intentionally stopping using condoms, with the man who is now my husband). I told her my last period had been 3 months before, and she said, “So you’re pregnant,” and I got really stressed out and told her I hoped not, and then she took my blood pressure and was really upset that it was so high

Will Future Versions of HIV Prevention Therapies Make Them More Palatable?

“But anxiety over the increasing medicalization of certain bodies and sexualities—a preoccupation of mine—will not be so easy to quiet.Indeed, one of the more interesting genres of response I received to
my December piece was from women who shared similar critiques about the
birth control pill—which happens to be a commonly deployed analog for
Truvada and one Staley touches on in his op-ed. I heard from a number of
women who have always rejected the pill precisely because they do not
understand why their bodies should be subject to intervention when more mutually demanding options like condoms are available.” Imagining the Future of PrEP by J. Bryan Lowder

I have not done enough research on Lowder to fully critique his views, but I’ve been chewing on this quote for a while.

Condoms are an amazing tool to prevent pregnancy and SDIs, but they’re still a medical technology. Who exactly is supposed to be having all this prelapsarian non-medicalized sex (aside from maybe some particularly anti-technology religious fundamentalists)? What about lube? What about microbicidal lubes? Or sex toys? Or kegel exercisers? Or latex allergies? What kinds of sex technology are natural and what kinds are medicalized? Even something as “natural” as the rhythm method has recently been improved by new discoveries about how long sperm can remain viable in the fallopian tubes. Trying to conceive (the only time when I have forgone birth control in a premeditated way) is medicalized. And as I realized the first (and only) time I was able to donate blood, if there is a high incidence of HIV in your dating pool, there is always going to be a medicalized aspect to your sex life.

And, in what kind of weird alternate universe is it more equal for the receptive partner to be more dependent on the penetrating partner for their safety?

pozmagazine:

Four shots a year to prevent HIV? New Primate Studies Raise Hope of Eventual Quarterly Injections of PrEP

Study authors wrote: “One of the lessons we have learned from contraception is the more options available, the better. We are hoping for the same in HIV prevention—more options and better results.”

I am in general very dubious of primate models of HIV, because a significant minority of SIV-infected macaques spontaneously recover. The search for an HIV vaccine has been extremely difficult in large part because the human immune system can never clear HIV (so we don’t even know what the correlates of immunity are). So vaccines are probably behaving in a completely different way in macaques vs. humans, but long-acting PrEP seems like something that might actually behave in the same way.

I need to look into it more.

So, I’ve been thinking about the use of “slut” against gay men (predominantly by other gay men) and trying to figure out how that fits with the various meanings of slut.

I’m not sure what you call the intersection of misogyny and homophobia – maybe bottom-stigma? (Also, after reading Dean’s Unlimited Intimacy, I’m very interested in the different connotations of “slut” vs “pig”)

I’m also not sure that accusations of promiscuity are necessarily related to whore stigma, I mean, I don’t think “Truvada whore” is in any way meant to reference sex work (Tits and Sass column on PrEP here)

Here’s the original reference to “Truvada Whores” by David Duran in 2012. As far as I can tell, he’s using “whore” to mean someone who is promiscuous (and because receptive anal sex is riskier than penetrative anal sex, a lot of the venom behind “Truvada whore” is felt to be based on stigma of being the receptive partner).

I think this sentence pretty much sums up the tone of the article, “For legit couples who are in monogamous relationships, this might be something to consider. But for men who engage in unsafe sex with other men, this is just an excuse to continue to be irresponsible”

Consistent condom use in anal sex stops 70% of HIV infections, study finds

An analysis by Dawn Smith of the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reported at the 20th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI 2013) on 4 March has provided the first estimate of the efficacy of condoms in preventing HIV transmission during anal sex since 1989. It found condoms stop seven out of ten anal transmissions – the same efficacy found by the 1989 study. However, it also found that sometimes using condoms is not effective at preventing HIV infection, and that long-term 100% condom use is a minority behaviour: only one-in-six gay men actually managed to maintain it over the three- to four-year time frame of the analysis.

“This analysis also shows that sometimes using condoms is no better than not using them at all. Overall, men who said they sometimes used condoms were only 4.4% less likely to acquire HIV than men who never used them. This difference was statistically insignificant;”

Smith D et al. Condom efficacy by consistency of use among MSM: US. 20th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Atlanta, abstract 32, 2013.

There must be some other variables that aren’t being taken into account. Since all else being equal, using condoms some of the time should mean fewer episodes of unprotected sex should mean fewer chances to get infected.

Tits and Sass: PrEP: What It Is and How Sex Workers Can Use It

marginalutilite:

Lindsay Roth and Cassie Warren give us some 101 about PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis), and explain how joining the conversation around it and other HIV prevention methods is strategic for sex workers.

“In our opinion, in order for biomedical interventions to successfully impact sex worker communities, they must address two main concerns: The general disparities that sex workers experience in medical settings and the need for expanded access to biomedical interventions like PrEP in clinical settings.”

Also so true for injection drug users.

So I went looking for data on the health impacts of HIV vs smoking in the LGBT community, and found a whole slew of short news item/ blog pieces:

http://www.medpagetoday.com/HIVAIDS/HIVAIDS/36521

http://thinkprogress.org/health/2012/12/19/1358131/tobacco-deadlier-hiv-virus/

http://thinkprogress.org/health/2013/04/01/1805771/cdc-targets-lgbt-anti-smoking/

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jimmy-lasalvia-/smoking-lgbt_b_5053140.html

http://sfbaytimes.com/the-new-old-gay-epidemic/

http://vadamagazine.com/09/07/2014/news/us-smoking-bigger-problem-lgbt-people-hiv

http://www.washingtonblade.com/2014/07/09/smoking-now-bigger-gay-health-threat-hiv/

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/07/16/lgbt-wellness-july-16_n_5591815.html

To the degree that these pieces reference any primary research at all, they seem to be talking about this study out of Denmark from 2012: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23254417 [contact me if you want the PDF]

What the study says is that in Denmark (which has much better comprehensive health care for HIV than the US) among a group of people mostly in their late 30s through early 50s, the death rate in HIV+ nonsmokers is very similar to the death rate in HIV- smokers. And that if you look at HIV+ smokers the deaths are much higher than you would expect from just adding the deaths in HIV- smokers and the deaths in HIV+ nonsmokers (2.4% per year vs. 0.61% and 0.62%). Also, it’s worth noting that of the HIV+ people who died in the study, three quarters died of something other than AIDS (defined by CD4 count <400).

Which is all super interesting and really emphasizes that, because of HAART, people with HIV are living long enough to start worrying about other health problems, like cardiovascular disease and non-AIDS related cancers.

That being said, the study has some big problems. They did not control for income or education (which would be pretty standard things to control for in a US study). And there is clearly something different about the HIV+ smokers compared to the HIV+ nonsmokers. They found that the HIV+ smokers were twice as likely to be HCV+ as HIV+ nonsmokers and they don’t seem to have any data for HCV in HIV- controls and no HBV data at all.

But the thing that seems really off in the study (and the thing that keeps getting quoted in the press and advocacy infographics) is that HIV only takes 5.1 years off your life expectancy, which would make HIV less dangerous than smoking, Type II diabetes or recurrent depression. Most other studies estimate that (in the HAART era) HIV takes between 20 and 30 years off your life.

And I just don’t think anyone has enough data to make that kind of claim. HAART is amazing, and apparently is responsible for more total years of life saved than any other medical intervention in the last 20 years. But we have no idea what the side effects from being on HAART for 40 or 50 or 60 years will be, because no one has ever been on HAART for more than 20 years. The Danish researchers calculate their life expectancy estimates using Kaplan-Meier analysis which assumes that nothing weird happens to patients after you stop following them (most patients were only in the study for about 3-5 years), so it can not be used to predict long-term side effects from a relatively new drug cocktail.

Another thing is that they found a similar synergistic effect of being HIV+ and having EVER smoked, as seen in the following rates of death (per year):

HIV- never smoker: 0.14%

HIV- previous smoker: 0.28%

HIV+ never smoker: 0.61%

HIV+ previous smoker: 1.31%

Which means either

-HIV+ people who have never smoked are in some way different from HIV+ current and former smokers

-smoking is so dangerous for HIV+ people that smoking cessation programs are only going to have limited usefulness in extending people’s lives

This, of course, isn’t mentioned in any of the advocacy and outreach efforts.

I am all for more support for LGBT people who want to quit smoking, but I think the paper is being overinterpreted, and it is making HIV seem like a less serious health problem than it really is. Also, a lot of the reporting overlooks the differences between HIV care in Denmark (super amazingly good) and HIV care in the US (good if you are affluent and white, otherwise underfunded and catch-as-catch-can) and so underestimates how much more money and attention need to go into HIV care in US before it would make sense to shift the focus to smoking.

I love yogurt and eat a ton of it, but I don’ think there’s a lot of evidence that the kind of Lactobacillus acidophilus you eat in yogurt is very good at repopulating the vagina. You need specific strains of lactobacillus that can make peroxide.

As far as I understand it, the thing most associated with BV is douching. (Though I have heard a theory that some guys are “BV carriers”. – don’t know if the data ever panned out on that one.)

BV can move up into the fallopian tubes and cause scarring and sterility, so if in doubt, you should see a doctor. And trichomoniasis has very similar symptoms, so self diagnosis is a lot harder than with yeast infections.

But both gardnerella (BV) and candida (yeast) can be in a vagina at low levels and not cause problems. But if the vaginal flora gets disrupted (stress, douching, bad lube, or a lot of outside bacteria getting introduced) then you end up with bacteria or yeast growing out of control. So the treatments may be different, but the prevention is the same.

I tried every crazy thing anyone recommended when I was dealing with constant recurrent yeast infections. So, in my experience, garlic cloves didn’t sting. I peeled them really carefully to minimize the burny garlic juice. Which may have also been why it didn’t work. I also tried boric acid, which actually made my labia burn, so I wouldn’t recommend that one.

You can try topical application of yogurt. You can try using one of those vaguely syringe like things that are used for vaginal moisturizers or lube or miconizole or whatever. Or you can use acidophilus pills, and just insert them with your finger. None of that worked for me, though I did have a couple fits of hysterical laughter about the variety of tasty food products I was sticking up my snatch. Basically the problem is that acidophilus is just not the lactobacillus strain that grows in healthy vaginas, because, um, vaginas are not made of milk. That being said, BV thrives in a vagina with neutral pH, and things like yogurt and vinegar that help bring the vagina back to its normal (very acidic) pH can help at the margins.

I just read an article where they found that in the lab, a bunch of lubes actually killed lactobacillus (they specifically looked at the peroxide-producing strains). The worse culprits were Gynol II (spermicidal jelly for diaphragms), KY Jelly and Replens (more of a vaginal moisturizer than a lube, but something that my nurse practitioner specifically recommended to me when I was having a lot of problems with yeast infections, and it now seems, was actively making things worse).

Silicone lube is compatible with condoms and has been shown to 1) not kill vaginal strains of lactobacillus and 2) not damage cervical and rectal cells (in lab settings).

Avoid spermicides because in the lab they kill lactobacillus and damage cervical and rectal cells and they have been shown to increase HIV transmission in some studies.

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Entries tagged with medical

These Infections Lead to Many Cancers Among People With HIV

These Infections Lead to Many Cancers Among People With HIV

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HIV Caught in the Act! On Video and in Real Time!

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To Curb Pain Without Opioids, Oregon Looks To Alternative Treatments

HIV conspiracy theories

Flibanserin

CDC Grand Rounds: Prescription Drug Overdoses — a U.S. Epidemic

HIV vaccine trails

Meth-using MSM

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Truvada whores

Consistent condom use in anal sex stops 70% of HIV infections, study finds

PrEP: What It Is and How Sex Workers Can Use It

Smoking, HIV, and mortality

BV and yeast infections

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November 2019

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