But the cross-contamination between high and low art, street and commercially produced culture, journalism and staged spectacle, ended up as just another round of commodification of spectacular subcultures. The flip side of seeing yourself represented in pop culture is that people are then trying to sell it back to you at an enormous markup (e.g. Marc Jacobs for Perry Ellis). It gets stripped of political content (e.g. the film adaptation of Trainspotting) and becomes a product that people associate more with pop culture than its actual authors (e.g. voguing)
But the cross-contamination between high and low art, street and commercially produced culture, journalism and staged spectacle, ended up as just another round of commodification of spectacular subcultures. The flip side of seeing yourself represented in pop culture is that people are then trying to sell it back to you at an enormous markup (e.g. Marc Jacobs for Perry Ellis). It gets stripped of political content (e.g. the film adaptation of Trainspotting) and becomes a product that people associate more with pop culture than its actual authors (e.g. voguing)
Romantic Revival
Feb. 19th, 2015 08:50 amhttp://insidethevisible.tumblr.com/post/13607794026/model-kate-moss-photographer-juergen
Romantic Revival: Kate Moss Photographed by Juergen Teller, Romantic Revival for Vogue US December 1994 #romantic revival
Talking to Lila, when we were up visiting her in Maine last month, about whether heroin chic was really about heroin. I’ve read so much about how Corinne Day carefully constructed her fashion images to reflect her aesthetic (i.e. off duty models hanging out), that it’s easy to forget that in the 90s it all really seemed to be about drugs. Lila said that even if it wasn’t about drugs, there was something that resonated with us, that seemed to be speaking to us, and she mentioned this picture, and then we just looked at it for a long time. It’s really such a great picture, making you think of that one beautiful girl you know who finds a perfect vintage suit at Dollar-A-Pound that would never fit anyone else because it’s a vintage size 6, and instead of demure 40s New Look femininity, she gives it a hard, brittle, sexy edge, because for some reason she never wears a bra.
Rosemary Ferguson and the magic of fashion
Jan. 7th, 2015 12:45 pmOK. I just want to talk about the magic of fashion.
It was something that happened to me sometimes when I was younger.
That moment when you go into a dressing room dressed as the scruffiest boy ever and come out transformed. And if anyone made me dress like a girl, I would fight it kicking and screaming, but when it was my choice, it was amazing.
(Also the second picture is pretty much the hottest thing ever.)
[Rosemary Ferguson: by Corrine Day, i-D, July 1992; by Corinne Day, The Face, August,1993; by Mario Testino, Vogue Germany, July 1994]
(no subject)
Oct. 21st, 2013 02:29 pmI have a list of things I want to figure out for my 90s fashion tumblr, and every once in a while I try regoogling stuff to see if anything new has shown up. One of the pieces of data which seems almost impossible to find is the names of all the cK be print ad models, and every time I try to search, all the commentary on Richard Avedon’s photos centers around how everyone is ugly and on drugs (see my post about one of these articles here). And that includes people like Stacey McKenzie, who was a well established runway model, but I guess was too ugly for these critics. Also the moral panic over models not wearing makeup is kind of terrible. Like if the supernaturally beautiful cannot be seen without makeup without risking involuntary drug treatment, what hope is there for the rest of us?
I’ve also been listening to the “making of” Breaking Bad podcasts, and Vince Gilligan spends a lot of time talking about how perfectly normal looking all the actors who play meth users are in real life, and I guess they do a lot of makeup and teeth effects, but when he said that Julia Minesci who plays Wendy is thin because she’s a triathlete, it really brought home how much perceptions of health is filtered through preconceptions about what a drug user looks like. If you look at these before and after pictures, it really seems like being older that 27 and wearing unflattering makeup is enough to make you look like, as Gilligan calls her, “our favorite meth whore.”
I mean, I’m certainly not the first to say this, but what does it mean if normal people, and even models and actresses, are too ugly to be seen in mainstream media without being seen as dangerously other?
(no subject)
Jul. 31st, 2013 12:13 pm(no subject)
Apr. 7th, 2013 03:14 pminsidethevisible: model: Kate Moss; photographer: Glen Luchford; out-take from “City Slick” Harper’s Bazaar September 1994
So, probably my favorite picture of Kate Moss from the 90s. And, since it didn’t actually appear in the original editorial, consistent with my theory that very few heroin chic images actually made it into mainstream fashion magazines in the 90s
Biba in the 90s: the 20-year rule
Feb. 15th, 2013 10:25 ammodels:Kate Moss and Nadja Auermann; photographer: Steven Meisel; “The Trip” Dolce & Gabbana 1992-3
Steven Meisel:
Perhaps my pictures might be a little, bit, oh, decadent in a way, or the girls might have a certain attitude of aloofness or jadedness. And maybe people might think of that attitude as drugged. But it’s definitely nothing that I ever intended.
(quoted in “Under the Influence” by Charles Gandee in US Vogue, March 1994)
I first saw this picture in Vogue September 1992. The editorial content of the issue was about mild cross-dressing — women in top hats and tuxedo-inspired pants suits — but the timid editorials were completely overshadowed by the introduction of the Biba Girls with their dark eyes and dark lipstick.
So, this is probably the single photo that got me interested in mainstream fashion.
I had this idea that fashion magazine fashion (as opposed to fashion as defined by what the kids at Bottega and Au Coquelet and Rocky Horror wore) was completely irrelevant to me. It was about women with big tits and bouncy hair wearing either Claude Montana acid brights or tasteful neutrals with a world-music flavor. It pretty much had nothing to do with goth or punk or whatever you want to call Rocky Horror.
But in this picture, Kate and Nadja are so clearly goth club kids, and that was a kind of glamor I could relate to. Not perfect, rich, starlet glamor but camp, drag, druggy, skin of your teeth glamor. The kind of glamor that cannot survive in sunlight because it’s held together with safety pins and electrical tape and black nail polish.
[Biba remembered: http://www.bryanledgard.com/blog/blog/Entries/2009/8/16_Biba_remembered.html]
Jocette Coote, 1995
Oct. 22nd, 2012 01:46 pmBut I do have to agree with Francesca Sorrenti when she says that young models were the actual victims of the 90s obsession with “realism”. The models were turned into the equivalent of rock stars (think of Johnny Depp and Kate Moss trashing a hotel room in 1994) with the attendant expectation that they would burn themselves out for our entertainment. Except that the models were younger than rock stars and also seen as more disposable.
Ned Ambler and East Village nostalgia
Sep. 27th, 2012 01:48 pmThe first time I went to Avenue A was Fall of 1994. I was wearing a black school-girl kilt, threadbare wool stockings, vintage army boots, my hair was in platinum blond braids with half an inch of roots, I had on Blackberry lipstick and red lip liner around my eyes. I got a watery sweet “regular” coffee to go at Leshko’s and crossed the street to sit in Tompkins Square Park. I looked up Avenue A and felt like an imposter – even with my weird androgynous face and crazy cheekbones, I felt too fresh-faced and round-cheeked, my clothes too clean.
I was there because of my friend Kate’s stories about her summer shooting heroin in New York with her gorgeous fuck-up boyfriend. There was the day smoking laced joints in Tompkins Square Park – a policeman caught them, but this being the tail end of the bad old days in New York, he just confiscated their joint and started to smoke it. One of the kids blurted out “Wait, it’s laced.” “With what?” “Coke.” And the cop proceeded to take a huge toke. Or the night spent riding the Staten Island Ferry for hours, high as fuck, hiding in the bathroom to avoid the ticket agent (back when you had to pay). Or panhandling on Avenue A and flirting with the hipsters who gave her money. In Kate’s stories, the New York was a wonderland.
By the time I was working at Taylor’s Bakery on 2nd Avenue 2 years later, I wasn’t so fresh-faced. I’d started shooting heroin, had been exposed to tuberculosis, had gone through 6 grueling months of INH, my complexion had gone completely septic, I had sunk into the worst depression of my life and had broken up with my long-time girlfriend after a terrible experiment of living together in Cambridge. But I had graduated, gone back to San Francisco to clean up and was travelling around and working a series of brainless jobs in the year before I started graduate school. Everyone I knew was in New York, and a lot of them in the East Village. I couldn’t go to the MoMA free day without seeing at least one person I’d gone to college with. Iggy Pop lived in the neighborhood and you would see him walking down the street, like some grizzled cartoon super-villain. You could watch the beautiful goth couple get grungier and grungier as they sold their carefully curated collection of import CDs for dope money.
The cross-section of humanity that came to Taylor’s was amazing – mothers getting treats for their kids after their violin lessons at the Third Street Music School and complaining about how Courtney Love was ruining her voice on my Pretty on the Inside tape, couples getting $4 brownies to sneak into the Village East Cinema, cops and drug dealers and sex workers getting their coffee the same way: light-and-sweet. A music school mom asked me, “How do you stay so slim surrounded by so much delicious food?” “Just lucky, I guess,” I said, biting my tongue to keep from saying, “Oh, it’s the heroin,” because, of course, I’d started using again. One day, a crazy woman stole $20 out of my tip jar and the next morning, I saw her sprawled out on a drug dealer’s car at 13th and 1st. My first thought was, “That’s my dimebag, bitch.” It was a strange fluid world of bars and hipsters and the last vestiges of the open air drug markets of the 80’s, now selling to college kids and hipsters instead of homeless old men.
But Ambler’s “stars” quickly disappeared from public view when fashion moved on from “New Realism” (try Googling Jakob Prufer, the Danish student Ambler found for Mario Testino’s Gap campaign). Some, like Kembra Pfahler, Jennifer Tzar and Concetta Kirschner are still around, but they were artists in their own right and didn’t need Ambler and his fashion spotlight. If anything, he was benefitting from their street cred.
It is his attitude towards the nobodies that he temporarily bestowed with glamour that I find most problematic. Ambler specialized in the “young, groovy, edgy-looking kid who is not a freak” (NYM 11/18/1996) and provided them in the time-honored tradition of a procurer finding hustlers for his artist client. ”[Steven] Klein sent Ambler back to his old East Village stomping ground in search of five interesting-looking street types. Ambler combed the clubs, squatter dorms, alleys, and streets and returned with 30 examples of the eccentric, the tattooed, and the pierced.” (Swing, September 97)
There is also something of Henry Higgins in the way Ambler describes his stable of models. "It’s a great gig to be able to give really glamorous jobs to people on the skids.“ (Depeche Mode 5/97) or describing Oliver Peterson to Paris Match "He was a punk that I cleaned up.” (Paris Match 5/97)
Kate’s boyfriend Ian was also a punk, an edgy-looking kid, who got scrubbed up and tried his hand at modeling. It was the era of full blown heroin chic, and Ian was a junky, or, as they say in social services, a street-involved injection drug user. He got into modelling because it seemed like easy money, but he hated it and, anyway, was too fucked up and flakey to really follow through. His only actual modelling gig was for L’Uomo Vogue and was never published, and it’s possible that he was one of the interesting-looking street types that Ambler rounded up for Steven Klein. If so, it really underlines the different expectations that people had of the New Realism. Ian got signed to an agency but he never actually made any money because he didn’t work long enough to pay back the Bumble and Bumble hairstyle his agent wanted (including tips to hair washers and colorists and various salon functionaries that Ian tried to "steal” maybe not realizing it was his own money). But from the perspective of Steven Klein, he was a street kid, an experiment that didn’t work out (at least not for L'Uomo Vogue – I image the shoot would have looked a lot like “Performance” The Face December 1995 or “Morning Glory” Arena Homme Plus Spring/Summer 1996).
(no subject)
Aug. 23rd, 2012 02:45 pmHelene Grimaud, from Deutsche Grammophon website, artist unknown
On album covers, her hair telegraphs a mood. It is pinned up in a Clara Schumann-like bun for a Brahms recording, and on the cover of “Credo”—a CD of Beethoven and a pair of mystic-minded modern composers—it is tucked behind her ears, in wan, heroin-chic strands. Ordinarily, her hair is shaggy, with too-busy-to-blow-dry bangs
http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/11/07/111107fa_fact_max
Aside from the problem of spending so much time (in a relatively short New Yorker article) talking about her hair, I was struck by the description of “wan, heroin chic strands.” Have the criteria for heroin chic become so lax that any woman with a messy ponytail is in danger of “glorifying death”?
I already had the bruise-purple eye makeup, the Blackberry lipstick, the tangled and badly-dyed hair, the thrift-store slips, the ripped tights, the elbow-length fingerless gloves. I was a sort of dirty, grungy goth, and more high-maintenance goths assumed I was strung out (and a lot of people seemed to think it was sexy). But it was just another risque costume, and was a lot cheaper than trying to be a real goth (with antique dresses and imported fetish wear and a handmade Dark Garden corset).
It wasn’t until my closest friend at school started dating a beautiful New York punk and shooting heroin with him, that heroin became personal. I had taken spring semester off, and I knew that when I got back to school in the fall, doing or not doing heroin with her would be a huge issue.
It seemed like everyone I knew was doing heroin – goths, gutterpunks, travellers – and they were young, beautiful, crazy, creative people (I wouldn’t meet old, tore-up, worn-down junkies until I was well into using myself). And, when I got back to the East Coast, people talked about how many models in New York were using heroin. The magazines seemed to reinforce that idea – Kate Moss’s old Obsession ads and Opium ads were juxtaposed with her new glamorous and sexy editorials (it was amazing what growing her eyebrows back did for her). Courtney-Love-style makeup was everywhere – dark red lips, pale skin, red eye shadow – and it was only a slight modification of the goth junky makeup I was already wearing (the main difference being no foundation, which I always hated anyway). Heroin was still dangerous and exotic, but if models (the least counterculture people in youth culture) were doing it, it meant heroin was pretty much everywhere.
I don’t think the sly references to heroin in fashion (and the more blatant allusions to heroin in music and film) really glamorized it for me. I didn’t think that heroin would make me into a model or a rock star (though I did want to be a writer, and I thought I could use it as “research”). But heroin was already pretty fascinating for me. It was illegal and hidden, and people who used seemed to form their own tribe, with its own rules and norms. My best friend, who I had done everything with the year before – weed, acid, mushrooms, sex, kissing in public, going to goth clubs, dying our hair, sharing clothes, doing each other’s makeup – now had a new clique, and I felt like I was on the outside. She had a new boyfriend, and not only was he bad and dangerous in ways that I just wasn’t, but they were also tied together by heroin.
(no subject)
Jul. 19th, 2012 02:54 pmGuinevere van Seenus photographed by Craig McDean; Jil Sander Spring 1996
I guess the picture from this campaign where one of van Seenus’s sleeves is pushed up above her elbow is considered a “heroin chic” picture, but I think that this picture fits better into that category — the open mouth, the unfocused gaze, the tentative pose of her arm and her general air of fragility are very reminiscent of Corinne Day’s pictures of Georgina Cooper.
(no subject)
Jul. 17th, 2012 02:57 pmmodel: James King; photographer: Nan Goldin; “Naked New York” Matsuda Autumn/Winter 1996
Jaime King:
I was surrounded by drug abuse. It was something that was always there. The editor, the photographer, everybody was smoking or shooting drugs, so it was natural for me. I just thought that was the way things worked. Did I shoot heroin? No, I sniffed it….I looked so skinny, with black circles under my eyes. It makes me sick, so sick, that’s what they wanted….My habit became a full-time job….It cost money but I had money. If you give a 15-year-old thousands of dollars, she’s going to buy lots of shoes, clothes – whatever she is into at the time. Magazines will talk **** about you but they’ll still book you.
(quoted in Supermodels and drugs: The truth by By James Sherwood in The Independent February 13, 2002)
The Independent article is rife with factual errors, and these quotes contradict what King has said elsewhere about the seriousness of her drug problem. But I would also not be surprised if King had made conflicting statements and occasionally tried to play down her past.
(no subject)
Jul. 17th, 2012 02:56 pmmodel: Cindy Sherman; photographer: Cindy Sherman; Comme des Garcons 1994
I actually kind of hate this photo. It is trotted out in every discussion of the convergence of art and fashion photography in the 90’s (Fashion Photography of the Nineties (1996) and Fashioning Fiction in Photography since 1990 (MoMA, 2004)) because it is from an ad campaign shot by an established artist. It also seems to critique nineties fashion (i.e. heroin chic) with the fake tattoos and piercing, cigarette, wan complexion, circles under the eyes, glazed expression, imaginary-track-mark-covering gloves and allusions of self-destructiveness (e.g. the finger-gun pointed at her own head). But to me it completely misses the stripped-down, no-makeup, warts-and-all style of dirty realism (a.k.a. heroin chic). Sherman could have just taken the picture with harsh lighting and no makeup and her being 40 would have made her look terrible enough without all the mean-spirited theatrics. Of course, I know Sherman is all about theatrics and props and prosthetics and makeup at this point, but I much prefer her Untitled Film Stills.
(no subject)
Jul. 17th, 2012 02:55 pmmodel: Karen Bendou; photographer: Mario Sorrenti; “Deep Thoughts” W January 1996
(from Fashion Photography of the Nineties, ed. Camilla Nickerson and Neville Wakefield 1996)
This style of photography sort of undermines the whole idea of “heroin chic” as a documentary style. I cannot imagine the spontaneous moment that this could be documenting — oh, yeah, we had over some strung-out models wearing velvet bathing suits and they lounged around on our red-satin-covered pedestal. But it is clearly anti-glamour — minimal makeup, a simple ponytail, amateurish lighting and improper color correction — and is very evocative.
(no subject)
Jul. 17th, 2012 02:55 pmmodel: Nadja Auermann; photographer: Paolo Roversi ; US Detour Magazine - March 1996
Auermann looks terrible (in a kind of great way) in these pictures. A lot of her haggard appearance can be attributed to the technical aspects of the photograph, which seems to be a tintype (a medium with very distinctive tonality). But her short hair, which looks like it was hacked off after some bleaching-gone-wrong, certainly contributes to her damaged look.
(no subject)
Jul. 17th, 2012 02:53 pmmodel: Jaime King; photographer: Davide Sorrenti?
OK, Jaime King does look pretty damn high in this picture, but I think that trying to portray Davide Sorrenti as a perpetrator of heroin chic is kind of a stretch. He was a kid who got some photos published because his mother, brother and sister were already working in fashion. Sorrenti’s friend Matt Jones, a friend of Sorrenti’s said,
Yes, I guess he did slightly see the glamorous side. … He also saw the real side of it. And he glamorized it himself, which is the sad thing. It was a whole circle. He glamorized it, and got caught up in it a bit.’
(“A death tarnishes fashion’s heroin look” by Amy M. Spindler ,New York Times May 20, 1997)
(no subject)
Jun. 25th, 2012 02:59 pmWhen removed from any temporal or spatial verities, the commercial representations of youth acknowledge the contradictions in and ambivalence of this stage of maturation and turn angst, rebellion, and even nihilism into desirable commodities. By mapping these psychological conditions specifically onto a young body, the market forces create what Lawrence Grossberg descrives as a “topography of desire” (484); that is, a site from which ideological or political struggle is elided, reducing the body to a purely superficial or external referent. The debate which occured in the late 1990s surrounding the production of “heroin chic” is an example of the fetishization, trivialization, and commodification of young people’s ideologies and fashion choices by a particular market. By reconstructing and exteriorizing the psychological complexities of heroin use into a “look,” the fashion industry created a desireable and uncomplicated product: Where young people could don the facade without the associated dangers of drug use. This marketing strategy turned antiestablishment behavior and possible drug addiction into a maligned fashion statement and, in th e process, commodified the debates surrounding youth, drug use, and the fears of older generations. The binary oppositions of right/wrong, good/bad, and young/old were played out not as ethical or moral debates about addiction and potential social consequences, but as commodified ideologies. Once again, the binary oppositions that uphold establishment practices and relegate youth beyond the margins were reaffirmed.
In Foucauldian terminology, heroin chic was an instance of use value being submerged into appearance value (Finkelstein 112). If young people looked as if they were on drugs, then the logical conclusion was that they were, because, as Joanne Finkelstein argues, appearances are fashioned and seem to reveal the political and social positions of those who adopt a particular “look” (105-12). Nonetheless, the flexibility of expressing the self through a look like heroin chic was denied to youth: First, it was a created phenomenon, appearing as though it emerged from the margins, and second, because of the panic it aroused. Heroin chic was condemned by the U.S. president of the time, Bill Clinton, who said that “you do not have to glamorize addiction to sell clothes” (quoted in Blanchard 2), linking the look with the behavior and implying that by moderating one you will control the other. Needless to say, the fashion houses found another look to exploit.
One of the ironies in the youth market and its associated products is that while young people may think that they are resisting the dominant culture by adopting a particular mein or lifestyle, t hey are, in effect, sustaining the commercial viability of the commodification of teen spirit. This contradiction is evident in nearly all youth commodities - even when the young people are producers of the representations themselves. On the one hand, young people take an active role in the production and distribution of “youth” (through the creation and successful marketing of music, theatre, and film) while, on the other, they purchase and consume the images that both mainstream and alternative markets create. When attempts are made to realistically represent young people’s voices and diversity, they are tolerated to some extent by the dominant culture. However, hegemonic forces ensure that these alternative models of representation and modes of discourse are contained within their own liminal spaces - alternative music scenes, ‘zines, and, more recently, cyberspace (Giroux 35).
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