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Drugs & Stuff. “Episode 24: Sheila Vakharia Connects the Dots between Harm Reduction and Social Work” Drug Policy Alliance. 5/8/19.

A really thoughtful articulation of harm reduction as a philosophy.


Today, Explained. “Follow the drugs” Vox 4/24/19. Transcript here.

I'm still chewing on this one.

I am so deeply conflicted about the whole Purdue Pharma debacle. They clearly broke and bent the law, evaded regulators, used false advertising, hid their research, et fucking cetera.

But there just isn't a lot of evidence, historically, that it's the drugs themselves that drive drug use epidemics. Social and especially economic conditions correlate with changes in drug use, and especially problem drug use, though which drug is ascendant tends to go in cycles.

I don't quite understand the connection between dependence on a prescription drug and chaotic use of street drugs. That's the entire point of medication assisted treatment for opioid addiction (which they specifically articulate in this podcast) that prescribing an opioid can help make someone's life less chaotic. There's a ton of data on the efficacy of medication assisted treatment. So how can you believe that suboxone is safe and effective and helps people get their lives back together also believe that oxycontin is necessarily leads to chaotic use and people's lives falling apart?

It seems to be based on this corruption idea. Suboxone is safe and effective for people who are already ruined, but we need to keep any more innocent people from being ruined by exposure to opioids.

This is not to say that opioids are a particularly good treatment for back pain. The best treatment is physical therapy, which is incredibly expensive. So, yeah, poor people and vets get substandard treatment (i.e. opioids) because it's cheaper

Also, fentanyl (which is legitimately terrifying) gets lumped in with oxycontin because they are both synthetic opioids. But the root causes are totally different. As far as I can tell, the increase in fentanyl ODs has to do with changes in global trade and the dramatic increase in pharmaceutical production (and pharmaceutical production expertise) in China in the last decade. Fentanyl used be super rare and now it's super cheap.

And a pet peeve. It is more appropriate to describe fentanyl as fast-acting vs "strong". It's basically the opposite of methadone, where the dose hits very quickly and is flushed from the system more quickly (as opposed to methadone which hits slowly and is flushed from the system slowly). So, I hate hear fentanyl described as some kind of sci-fi super-potent drug. It's about how it's metabolized

Anyway, I am trying to make sense of how to be furious at Purdue Pharma while still remembering how drug epidemics work, and knowing the difference between drug dependence and chaotic use, and knowing that I would rather have people using pharmaceuticals than street drugs (which are always more dangerous). And also being so thankful that I have been sober for 19 years and that fentanyl was an exotic luxury back when I was shooting dope and not a dangerous contaminant.
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“Officials tend to discuss heroin in relation to white users as the drug itself possessing some form of evil or being a vehicle for the degradation of the moral character of the person who possesses it, whereas among people of color who have been charged with heroin crimes, generally they’re thought of as somehow intrinsically criminal, and that’s what lead them to the substance abuse or use.”

Michael Tracey, from The Brian Lehrer Show, 7/7/14

I was disappointed that Brian Lehrer seemed so unprepared for this segment (especially since it’s about media getting the story wrong), but Michael Tracey and Howard Josepher managed to state some important points. First and foremost that a lot of the recent heroin statistics do not take into account that people are switching from diverted pharmaceutical opioids to heroin. So, for instance, if heroin overdoses have increased recently, you need to look at whether there has been a decrease in opioid overdoses as people switch from one to the other.

And, even though I don’t necessarily agree with everything Howard Josepher says, I think it’s really important to get the idea of harm reduction drug treatment out there.
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On Sunday, I heard another NPR piece about super high rates of opiate prescriptions to veterans by the VA (this seems to be the text of what I heard), and there were a lot of things that didn’t quite fit together in the story, and I am looking for someone who knows more about the situation.

I should preface this by saying that I think that the US has problems with both underprescribing and overprescribing of opiates.  Research has shown that some kinds of pain respond well to physical therapy.  But good physical therapy is expensive, and a lot of times insurance doesn’t cover enough PT for it to actually be useful.  So people are given opiates long term even though they aren’t the best treatment.  I would guess that something similar is happening with the VA – veterans need treatments, for PTSD and/or physical injuries, that are expensive and labor intensive, and the VA is overwhelmed and is using opiates as a stop gap measure, and apparently not giving people good overdose prevention tools (i.e. education and narcan).  There is also an issue of managing prescriptions. Is someone escalating their use of opiates as they develop tolerance?  Would a different opiate work better? Is someone being prescribed both opiates and sedatives in a way that is putting them at higher risk for overdose? But some people also have a lot of problems accessing humane pain medication and humane opiate substitution therapy.

The story made a really big deal about veterans being given opiates when they didn’t have physical injuries, and so I’m wondering if the VA is intentionally prescribing opiates for PTSD.  Which might actually be a good treatment – the scientific research is kind of a mess in this area.  Also, apparently, people with PTSD can experience pain more intensely, so higher doses of painkillers might be necessary.

There were also a lot of people saying that known addicts were being given opiates.  But it wasn’t clear what people meant by addiction – physical dependency? DSM definition (use that is detrimental to family, intimate relationships and work responsibilities)?  Is opiate maintenance or opiate substitution being lumped into “giving opiates to addicts”?

Clearly the VA is prescribing high dose opiates and people are ODing on them, but how much of this is a failure to give narcan and eduction?  Is the VA detoxing people without appropriate overdose education?  Would some people be better off on buprenorphine, which has a lower risk of overdose? 

There were so many questions that the reporters didn’t address, that it left me really confused about what is actually happening.

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Oxycontin (thankfully after my time) is such a messy situation.  There’s a lot of evidence that people around the world are undertreated for pain because governments are afraid of drug abuse (and the US and the UN).  But the solution was not a shock and awe big pharma media campaign with ridiculous lies about their new drug not having any potential to be either addictive or used off-label (not to mention the overdose risk).  There’s a lot of evidence that these drugs are overprescribed for back pain.  But, from a harm reduction perspective, a pharmaceutically pure narcotic of a known dose is way better than street heroin.  And any time you start adding anti-injection ingredients (like talc and gelling agents), you are going to do a lot of damage to the veins of people who are still trying to shoot it.  And of course, the people who give up on shooting pills are going to switch to heroin.

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